# Home Calc USA

> Smart calculators for your home, property, and projects.


## Pages

- [How to Calculate Mortgage Payments & Interest: FAQ (US)](https://homecalcusa.com/mortgage-faq/): For a fixed-rate loan: monthly rate r = annual rate ÷ 12 (as a decimal, ÷ 1200 from a percent), n = years × 12, payment = loan × r ÷ (1 − (1 + r)−n).
- [Gravel FAQ: Yards, Tons, Depth & Coverage (US Guide)](https://homecalcusa.com/gravel-faq/): Multiply length × width × depth (in feet) to get cubic feet, then divide by 27. A 20 × 10 ft area at 3 in deep is 50 ft³, or 1.85 yd³.
- [Home Buying Calculators: Down Payment, Closing Costs & Mortgage](https://homecalcusa.com/home-buying/): Buying a home involves three money questions in order: how much cash you need up front, what closing will cost on top of that, and what the monthly payment will be afterwards.
- [Blog](https://homecalcusa.com/blog/): The HomeCalcUSA blog — notes and short articles. The main explanatory articles live under Guides; calculator tools live under Calculators.
- [Disclaimer](https://homecalcusa.com/disclaimer/): HomeCalcUSA calculators and guides are educational estimates. They do not replace professional advice.
- [Terms of Use](https://homecalcusa.com/terms/): By using HomeCalcUSA you agree to these terms. If you do not agree, do not use the site.
- [Editorial Policy for HomeCalcUSA](https://homecalcusa.com/editorial-policy/): HomeCalcUSA publishes calculators and explanatory guides for US home buyers, owners and project planners.
- [Methodology: How HomeCalcUSA Calculators Work](https://homecalcusa.com/methodology/): Formula first. Every calculator page states its formula in plain text, before or beside the tool, with units and the meaning of each input.
- [Contact HomeCalcUSA](https://homecalcusa.com/contact/): Questions, corrections and suggestions are welcome. Use the form below for calculator errors, content corrections and general questions about the site.
- [About HomeCalcUSA](https://homecalcusa.com/about/): HomeCalcUSA publishes free calculators for buying, owning and improving homes in the United States.
- [Home, Mortgage & Construction Glossary](https://homecalcusa.com/glossary/): Plain definitions for the terms used across the calculators and guides.
- [Nominal vs Actual Lumber Dimensions](https://homecalcusa.com/guides/nominal-vs-actual-lumber-dimensions/): A nominal 2 × 6 is not 2 inches by 6 inches. Dressed (surfaced) dimensional lumber measures about 1.5 × 5.5 in; rough lumber may measure full nominal size.
- [Tile Box Coverage and Pattern Waste](https://homecalcusa.com/guides/tile-box-coverage-pattern-waste/): Tile box coverage is the area one box covers as sold — and it is the only coverage figure that should enter a box count.
- [Where Extra Mortgage Payments Go](https://homecalcusa.com/guides/extra-mortgage-principal-payments/): An extra mortgage payment does not usually reduce next month’s required payment.
- [How to Compare Seller Net Sheets](https://homecalcusa.com/guides/compare-seller-net-sheets/): A seller net sheet is an estimate of what you keep after a sale: price minus fees, payoff, repairs, concessions and other costs.
- [Running Watts vs Starting Watts for Generator Planning](https://homecalcusa.com/guides/running-watts-vs-starting-watts-generator/): Motors need a surge to start and much less to keep running. A refrigerator that runs at 700 W may need an additional 1,500 W for a moment at start-up.
- [How to Estimate Driveway Sealer Quantity](https://homecalcusa.com/guides/how-to-estimate-driveway-sealer-quantity/): Sealer quantity fails on one question: does the label’s coverage figure mean per coat, or for the whole job? Answer that first, and the arithmetic is trivial.
- [Asphalt Installation vs Resurfacing vs Sealing: Cost Differences](https://homecalcusa.com/guides/asphalt-installation-resurfacing-sealing-costs/): Three asphalt scopes are routinely priced as if they were one job, and they are not. Installation builds a new driveway (base, binder, surface).
- [Roof Pitch, Rise, Span and Truss Spacing Explained](https://homecalcusa.com/guides/roof-pitch-rise-span-truss-spacing-explained/): Roof geometry is one right triangle, repeated. Span is wall to wall. Run is half the span. Pitch (rise per 12 in of run) gives rise.
- [How to Prepare a Room-by-Room Airflow Schedule](https://homecalcusa.com/guides/how-to-prepare-a-room-by-room-airflow-schedule/): An airflow schedule is a table, one row per room, with the inputs and the result for each room — and a total that is the sum of exact room figures, not the sum of rounded ones.
- [CFM vs ACH: Which Airflow Calculation Do You Need?](https://homecalcusa.com/guides/cfm-vs-ach-which-airflow-calculation/): CFM (cubic feet per minute) and ACH (air changes per hour) describe the same air in different units — but the calculations that produce a CFM figure come in two distinct kinds, and mixing them is the central confusion in room airflow work.
- [Why Square Footage Alone Can Mis-size an Air Conditioner](https://homecalcusa.com/guides/why-square-footage-alone-can-mis-size-an-air-conditioner/): Two rooms of 300 ft² can need very different cooling.
- [How to Estimate Mini-Split Cooling Capacity for One Room](https://homecalcusa.com/guides/how-to-estimate-mini-split-cooling-capacity/): This guide clarifies a scope confusion that the old mini-split page invited: a published room air-conditioner chart is a screening tool, not a mini-split equipment selection.
- [Home Renovation Estimate: How to Budget a Remodel](https://homecalcusa.com/guides/how-to-estimate-home-renovation-costs/): A renovation budget is a scope document with numbers attached, not a single total.
- [How Property Taxes Are Calculated: Millage and Value](https://homecalcusa.com/guides/how-property-taxes-are-calculated/): Property tax, in its simple ad-valorem form, is: (assessed value − exemptions) × rate.
- [Rent vs Buy: Which Costs Should You Actually Compare?](https://homecalcusa.com/guides/rent-vs-buy-what-costs-to-compare/): Rent-versus-buy comparisons go wrong in two opposite ways: comparing monthly rent with the mortgage payment alone (which ignores equity), or comparing total cash paid without discounting (which treats a dollar in year 20 as equal to a dollar today).
- [How Much Should You Put Down on a House? 3% to 20%](https://homecalcusa.com/guides/how-much-should-you-put-down-on-a-house/): The down payment question is a trade-off between monthly cost, upfront cash and reserves — not a single “right” percentage.
- [What Are Closing Costs? Buyer Fees Explained With Examples](https://homecalcusa.com/guides/what-are-closing-costs/): Closing costs are everything you pay at signing besides the home itself: lender charges, title and escrow work, recording and government fees, prepaid interest and insurance, and escrow deposits for future tax and insurance bills.
- [How Much Paint Do I Need? Coats and Coverage Guide](https://homecalcusa.com/guides/how-much-paint-do-i-need/): Paint quantity starts from paintable area, and paintable area starts from perimeter, not floor area.
- [How Much Flooring Do I Need? Waste Factors Explained](https://homecalcusa.com/guides/how-much-flooring-do-i-need/): Flooring waste is not a tax on the room; it is the material consumed by cuts, pattern repeats and plank ends that cannot be reused.
- [How Much Concrete Do I Need? Slab and Footing Guide](https://homecalcusa.com/guides/how-much-concrete-do-i-need/): Concrete volume is length × width × thickness, with thickness in feet (inches ÷ 12) and the result in cubic feet (÷ 27 for cubic yards).
- [How Much Gravel Do I Need? Depth and Coverage Guide](https://homecalcusa.com/guides/how-much-gravel-do-i-need/): Gravel quantity is volume first, weight second.
- [How Mortgage Refinancing Works: Costs and Break-Even](https://homecalcusa.com/guides/how-mortgage-refinancing-works/): Refinancing replaces your current loan with a new one.
- [Home Affordability Rules: DTI, 28/36 and Income Limits](https://homecalcusa.com/guides/how-much-house-can-you-afford/): “How much house can I afford?” is really two questions: how much housing cost fits your income, and how much total debt fits alongside it.
- [How Mortgage Payments Are Calculated: PITI Explained](https://homecalcusa.com/guides/how-mortgage-payments-are-calculated/): A mortgage payment has two layers that are often confused: the loan payment itself (principal and interest) and the escrow layer (taxes and insurance) collected alongside it.
- [Stair Geometry Calculator: Risers, Treads and Run](https://homecalcusa.com/calculators/stair-geometry/): Stair geometry starts from total rise: divide it into equal risers no taller than your chosen maximum, then count treads by the landing convention you state.
- [Insulation Quantity Calculator: Bags, Rolls and Coverage](https://homecalcusa.com/calculators/insulation-quantity/): Insulation quantity is label coverage arithmetic — but only if the coverage matches the product as installed.
- [Paver Calculator: Patio Area, Waste and Pack Quantity](https://homecalcusa.com/calculators/pavers/): Paver quantity is area-based (packs), while the base underneath is volume-based (cubic yards).
- [Board Foot Calculator: Lumber Volume and Cost](https://homecalcusa.com/calculators/board-foot/): A board foot is 144 cubic inches of lumber: thickness (in) × width (in) × length (ft) ÷ 12, per piece.
- [Excavation Calculator: Cubic Yards, Swell and Truckloads](https://homecalcusa.com/calculators/excavation/): Excavated soil takes up more room loose in a truck than it did in the ground.
- [Deck Board Calculator: Rows, Stock Lengths and Quantity](https://homecalcusa.com/calculators/deck-boards/): Decking quantity is rows times pieces per row.
- [Fence Calculator: Panels and Posts by Fence Run](https://homecalcusa.com/calculators/fence/): Fence counts must be done run by run.
- [Concrete Block Calculator: Wall Area and CMU Quantity](https://homecalcusa.com/calculators/concrete-block/): Concrete masonry units (CMU) are counted by face area: a nominal 16 × 8 in module (block plus joint) covers a known area, so the wall’s net area divided by that module gives the base count.
- [US Brick Calculator: Veneer Area, Joints and Waste](https://homecalcusa.com/calculators/brick/): Brick veneer quantity is a face-area calculation: how many brick faces, including one mortar joint each way, cover the wall.
- [Drywall Calculator: Walls, Ceilings and Sheets Needed](https://homecalcusa.com/calculators/drywall/): Drywall quantity is wall area plus ceiling area (if you include it), minus the openings you choose to deduct, times layers, plus waste — then rounded up to whole sheets.
- [Tile Calculator: Area, Waste and Boxes Needed](https://homecalcusa.com/calculators/tile/): Tile is bought by the box, and pattern waste is real: cuts at edges and pattern repeats consume tiles that never appear on the floor.
- [HELOC Payment Calculator: Draw and Repayment Scenarios](https://homecalcusa.com/calculators/heloc-payment/): A HELOC payment can jump sharply when the draw period ends and repayment begins — and again if a variable rate rises.
- [Homeownership Cost Calculator: Complete Monthly Budget](https://homecalcusa.com/calculators/homeownership-cost/): The mortgage payment is not the cost of owning a home.
- [Mortgage Loan Comparison Calculator: Payments and Costs](https://homecalcusa.com/calculators/loan-comparison/): The cheapest monthly payment is often the most expensive loan.
- [Debt-to-Income Ratio Calculator: Housing and Total DTI](https://homecalcusa.com/calculators/debt-to-income/): DTI is two ratios, not one: housing alone, and housing plus everything else.
- [Extra Mortgage Payment Calculator: Payoff and Interest Savings](https://homecalcusa.com/calculators/extra-mortgage-payment/): Extra principal shortens a loan because interest is charged on a smaller balance each month.
- [Home Sale Proceeds Calculator: Seller Net Cash Estimate](https://homecalcusa.com/calculators/home-sale-proceeds/): Seller proceeds are what remains after every deduction, not the sale price and not the price minus commission alone.
- [Generator Wattage Calculator: Running and Starting Loads](https://homecalcusa.com/calculators/generator-wattage/): Generator planning fails when running watts and starting watts are added together as if every motor started at once — or when the starting surge is ignored entirely.
- [Driveway Sealer Calculator: Gallons, Pails and Cost](https://homecalcusa.com/calculators/driveway-sealing/): Sealer mistakes almost always come from coat counting: some labels state coverage per coat and some state it for the whole job.
- [Asphalt Driveway Cost Calculator: Itemized Paving Budget](https://homecalcusa.com/calculators/asphalt-driveway-cost/): Asphalt quotes fail when the same work is charged twice: once inside a per-square-foot rate and again as a fixed line.
- [Roof Truss Geometry Calculator: Rise, Pitch and Count](https://homecalcusa.com/calculators/roof-truss-geometry/): Truss geometry is right-triangle arithmetic: span gives run, pitch gives rise, and the two give slope length and angle.
- [Room CFM Calculator: ACH and Cooling Airflow](https://homecalcusa.com/calculators/room-cfm/): “How much air does this room need?” has two different answers depending on the question.
- [Room Cooling BTU Estimator: Preliminary Chart Method](https://homecalcusa.com/calculators/mini-split-btu/): This is a preliminary room-cooling screening tool based on a published room air-conditioner sizing chart — not a mini-split equipment selection and not a Manual J load calculation.
- [Mulch and Topsoil Calculator: Cubic Yards and Bags](https://homecalcusa.com/calculators/landscaping-mulch/): Mulch and topsoil are sold both bagged and in bulk, and the cheaper route depends on your area, depth and delivery charge — not on a generic price.
- [Roofing Calculator: Roof Area, Squares and Shingle Bundles](https://homecalcusa.com/calculators/roofing/): A roof’s sloped area is larger than its footprint, and the difference grows with pitch.
- [Home Renovation Cost Calculator: Itemized Budget Planner](https://homecalcusa.com/calculators/home-renovation-cost/): A renovation budget is only as good as its scope.
- [Paint Calculator: Wall Area, Coats and Gallons Needed](https://homecalcusa.com/calculators/paint/): Paint quantity comes from paintable area, not room size alone.
- [Flooring Calculator: Area, Waste and Boxes Needed](https://homecalcusa.com/calculators/flooring/): Flooring is bought in whole boxes, and the last partial box still costs a full box.
- [Concrete Calculator: Cubic Yards, Bags and Order Quantity](https://homecalcusa.com/calculators/concrete/): Concrete volume is simple geometry; ordering is not, because ready-mix is rounded up to the supplier’s increment and bagged mix depends on the label yield of the exact bag.
- [Gravel Calculator: Cubic Yards, US Tons and Cost](https://homecalcusa.com/calculators/gravel/): Gravel is sold by volume (cubic yards) or by weight (tons), and suppliers quote both.
- [Home Equity Calculator: Equity, CLTV and Borrowing Scenarios](https://homecalcusa.com/calculators/home-equity/): Equity is value minus what you owe.
- [Rental Yield Calculator: Cap Rate, Cash Flow and Returns](https://homecalcusa.com/calculators/rental-yield/): Yield figures are easy to inflate by mixing operating performance with financing.
- [Property Tax Calculator: Assessed Value, Exemptions and Mills](https://homecalcusa.com/calculators/property-tax/): This property tax calculator estimates annual and monthly property tax from assessed value, exemptions and a clearly labelled percent or millage rate.
- [Refinance Calculator: Savings, Fees and Break-Even](https://homecalcusa.com/calculators/refinance/): A lower monthly payment is not automatically a saving: a longer new term can leave you owing more later.
- [Down Payment Calculator: Cash Needed, Loan Amount and LTV](https://homecalcusa.com/calculators/down-payment/): This down payment calculator converts a down payment percentage into cash, the loan you would need, and loan-to-value (LTV), then adds a separate closing-cost reserve so the two pots of cash are never confused.
- [Closing Cost Calculator: Buyer Fees and Cash to Close](https://homecalcusa.com/calculators/closing-cost/): This closing cost calculator builds a buyer cash-to-close estimate from your down payment, fees, prepaids, credits and any deposit already paid.
- [Rent vs Buy Calculator: Costs, Equity and Break-Even](https://homecalcusa.com/calculators/rent-vs-buy/): This rent vs buy calculator compares renting and buying over a chosen horizon, including closing costs, equity, maintenance and opportunity cost, with every assumption shown.
- [Home Affordability Calculator: Income, Debt and Down Payment](https://homecalcusa.com/calculators/home-affordability/): This home affordability calculator turns your income, monthly debts, debt-to-income (DTI) targets and down payment into a home-price budget.
- [Mortgage Calculator with Taxes, Insurance and PMI](https://homecalcusa.com/calculators/mortgage/): This mortgage calculator estimates a fixed-rate monthly payment and breaks it into principal and interest (P&I), property tax, homeowners insurance, HOA dues and any PMI amount you enter.
- [Home Improvement Calculators](https://homecalcusa.com/calculator-categories/home-improvement/): Renovation budgets, roofing, mulch, asphalt, sealer, room cooling, airflow, fencing, pavers, insulation, stairs and generator planning.
- [Construction Material Calculators](https://homecalcusa.com/calculator-categories/construction/): Concrete, gravel, flooring, paint, tile, drywall, brick, block, decking, excavation and lumber quantities in US units.
- [Property & Ownership Cost Calculators](https://homecalcusa.com/calculator-categories/property/): Property tax, rental yield, home equity, sale proceeds, HELOC payments and the full monthly cost of owning a home.
- [Mortgage & Home Buying Calculators](https://homecalcusa.com/calculator-categories/real-estate/): Mortgage payments, affordability, closing costs, down payments, refinancing and the new mortgage tools — the money side of buying a home.
- [Calculator Categories](https://homecalcusa.com/calculator-categories/): Calculators grouped into four categories: mortgage and home buying, property and ownership costs, construction materials, and home improvement.
- [All Guides](https://homecalcusa.com/guides/): Guides explain the background behind the calculators: the maths, the definitions and the mistakes to avoid.
- [All Calculators](https://homecalcusa.com/calculators/): Every calculator on HomeCalcUSA, grouped by category.
- [Home](https://homecalcusa.com/): HomeCalcUSA gives you free calculators for buying, owning and improving a US home — mortgage payments, affordability, closing costs, property tax, rental returns, and materials from concrete and gravel to paint, tile and roofing.


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